The measurement of unique physical or behavioral traits, such as fingerprints or facial features, to identify or authenticate people.
Biometric systems capture a trait, convert it into a mathematical template, and compare it with a stored template to confirm identity. Common methods include fingerprint scanning, facial recognition, iris scanning, and voice recognition. Behavioral biometrics look at patterns like typing rhythm or how someone holds a phone.
Biometrics are convenient because you cannot forget your face, and they power everyday features such as unlocking a smartphone. National identity programs and airport border systems also use them. However, biometric data raises serious privacy concerns. Unlike a password, a fingerprint cannot be changed if it is leaked. Well-designed systems store templates securely, often on the device itself, and use liveness detection to resist spoofing with photos or masks.
The process of verifying that a user, device, or system is who or what it claims to be.
Know Your CustomerThe process financial and other regulated businesses use to verify customers' identities and assess risks such as fraud or money laundering.
Multi-Factor AuthenticationA login method that requires two or more different types of proof of identity, such as a password plus a code from your phone.
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